And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.

2014年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.

2014年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be "tightly scripted" and "highly standardized" ones that leave no room for "individual initiative or creativity".

2014年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says.

2014年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.

2014年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ