Antidepressants, opioids , anticonvulsants, and psychotherapy are used for treatment of chronic pain.

可用抗抑郁药, 类罂粟碱, 抗惊厥药治疗慢性疼痛.

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Further studies are needed on opioids, N - methyl - D - aspartate antagonists, and ion channel blockers.

阿片类药物 、 N - 甲基 -D- 天(门)冬氨酸拮抗剂和离子通道阻滞剂的疗效还有待研究.

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Spinal opioids have been widely used in clinical anesthesia and analgesia.

椎管内阿片类药物已广泛应用于临床麻醉与镇痛.

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Opioids were widely applied to analgesia and treatment of coughing, diarrhea, anxiety and sleepless.

阿片类药物被广泛应用于镇痛、止咳 、 止泻 、 抗焦虑和催眠.

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CONCLUSION Remifentanil, one of the opioids, has a vast prospect in obstetric anesthesia and analgesia.

结论瑞芬太尼是产科麻醉与镇痛中非常有前途的阿片类药物.

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