However, the paper finds a U relationship between industry concentration ratio and the firms'patents.

而行业集中度衡量的产品市场竞争度与企业专利水平呈现正U型结构.

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METHODS: To calculate HHI and Concentration Ratio of pharmaceutical industry in 1990 ~ 1996.

方法: 考察了1990年～1996年制药行业的赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数(HHI)和集中率指标.

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OBJECTIVE : To discuss the way to raise the market concentration ratio of pharmaceutical industry in China.

目的: 探求提高我国医药产业市场集中度的途径.

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We utilized the change of concentration ratio between pyrites and rocks to survey gold deposits.

所以通过金在黄铁矿及岩石中浓度比值的变化,能有效地指导勘查金矿床.

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